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The C++ STL or Standard Template Library is a collection of general-purpose classes and functions with templates for implementing many algorithms and data structures such as vectors, lists, queues, and stacks. The 4 components of STL are: Containers, Algorithms, Iterators, and Functors. In this article, we will discuss the functions of the header that work on arrays, and are introduced in C++ 11 and later versions. C++ Header The algorithm header provides various built-in functions that implement algorithms such as searching, sorting, finding the maximum element, etc. These functions perform various operations on containers such ... Read More
In this problem, we have n number of coins. To arrange these coins in a staircase shape such that each row consists of k number of coins, where k is the row number in which the coins are placed. The last row may or may not be completely filled. Our task is to find the number of completely filled rows. Here is a scenario of arranging coins problem: Scenario Input: n = 8 Output: 3 Explanation: In the above figure, we can see there are 3 completely filled rows and the ... Read More
TreeSet is a class in Java that implements the Set interface. It stores unique values in a sorted order. It is similar to HashSet, but the difference is that TreeSet stores elements in a sorted manner, while HashSet does not guarantee any order. Our task is to check if a particular value exists in a TreeSet in Java. We can do this using the following methods: Using contains() Method Using Streams API Using contains() Method The contains() method of the TreeSet class is used for checking if a particular value ... Read More
Pandas is a Python library that is designed for data manipulation and analysis. It provides the two data structures: Series: It is a one-dimensional labelled array (like a column in a spreadsheet). DataFrame: It is a two-dimensional labelled data structure (like a table), allowing storage of multiple columns with different data types. Using Pandas, we can perform complex data manipulations with the help of its powerful data structures. It can work with different file formats like CSV, Excel, etc. In this article, we will learn how to analyze data activity using ... Read More
The Pythagorean primes are prime numbers that can be represented in the form 4n + 1, where n is a non-negative integer. These primes have a special property as they can be expressed as the sum of two square numbers. In other words, a prime number p is called a Pythagorean prime if: p is prime, and p ≡ 1 (mod 4), i.e., when divided by 4, it leaves a remainder of 1. For example: 5 = 4x1 + 1 = 22 + ... Read More
Difference Between Adjacent List Elements The given task is to calculate the difference between the adjacent elements in the given list using Python, i.e, we need to subtract the current element from the next element and repeat this for each element in the list (except the last one). Scenario Following is an example scenario: Input: [10, 15, 12, 18] Output: [5, -3, 6] Explanation: Difference between 15 and 10: 15 - 10 = 5 Difference between 12 and 15: 12 - 15 = -3 Difference between 18 and 12: 18 - 12 = 6 Using List ... Read More
An anagram is a rearrangement of the characters of a word or a phrase to generate a new word, using all the original characters exactly once. For example, thing and night are anagrams of each other. An anagram substring search includes two strings (text, pattern); we need to search the given text for any substring that contains the same characters as the pattern, in any order. Scenario Following is an example scenario: Input: str1="cbaebabacd", str2="abc" Output: [0, 6] Explanation: In this case, The substring "cba" at index 0 is an anagram of "abc". The substring "bac" at index 6 is an ... Read More
In C++, an array member is simply the individual elements stored within an array. What is Deep Copy? A deep copy creates a new object and allocates separate memory for the dynamically allocated resources; it copies all the data members of the original object into the new object. So that the new object is completely independent of the original. When a class has a pointer to dynamic memory, the default copy constructor and assignment operator will perform a shallow copy, which is a copy of the pointer rather than the data. So, must define our own ... Read More
In this article, we will see how we create and use 2D vectors with user-defined sizes. What is 2D Vector? In C++, a vector is a dynamic array used to store elements. The 2D vector is a vector of vectors and are used to create a dynamic two-dimensional array where the number of rows and the number of columns in each row can vary. Just like a 2D array, a 2D vector is used to store data in a tabular form such as matrices, grids, or tables. Structure of a 2D Vector A 2D vector is declared as: vector v; ... Read More
In JavaScript, a Set is an object that is used to store a collection of unique elements of different types, such as numbers, strings, booleans, and object references, etc. const mySet = new Set(); Adding Elements to a JavaScript Set We can add elements to a JavaScript set in the following ways: Using Simple add() Method Using Method Chaining with add() Using add() Method The add() method of the Set object accepts a value as a parameter and adds it to the elements of the current Set object, and returns ... Read More