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In this article, we will learn to use the ofNullable() method of Stream in Java 9. We will first go through the Stream class, after that we will learn about the ofNullable() method along with its syntax and real-world use cases. Stream Class Stream was introduced in Java 8, the Stream API is used to process collections of objects. It represents a sequence of elements that support various operations to perform computations in parallel. Creating an instance of a stream: Stream stream; A stream is not a type of data structure, it takes input from Collections, Arrays, etc. The ofNullable() ... Read More
Python provides a built-in module called zipfile that allows us to create, read, write, and extract ZIP archives. When we want to extract only specific files, such as all .txt files, then we can perform filtering of the file names using string methods such as endswith(). A ZIP file is one of the archive formats which is used to compress one or more files into a single file to easily store and transfer data. It reduces the file size and keeps all related files compressed together for sharing over the internet and for saving disk space. Steps involved in ... Read More
An arc of a circle is a segment or portion of the circumference of a circle. In other words, a curve between a pair of distinct points. The length of the arc refers to the length between two points along the arc (two points along a section of a circle or curve). It is a percentage of the circumference of the circle. When two lines intersect each other, the common meeting point is called a vertex and the geometrical figure between the two arms/lines is called an angle. Following diagram will help you to understand the arc and its length: ... Read More
In this article, we will explain the dominating set problem and implement it's solution in C++. First of all, let's understand what a dominating set is. Dominating Set of a Graph A dominating set for a graph is a subset of the set of all the vertices. Every vertex that is not in the dominating set should be adjacent of at least one vertex in the dominating set. To understand this clearly, consider the following graph: In the above graph, the set of vertices {B, D} is one of the dominating sets, because: ... Read More
The subsets of a set refers to all the possible combinations of choosing elements from the set. For example, if we have a set {1, 2}, the subsets are {}, {1}, {2}, and {1, 2}. In this article, we will learn how to generate a random subset for a set using coin flipping technique in C++. // Set of elements int arr[] = {1, 2, 3}; // Subsets of the above set {}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}, {1, 2, 3} Coin Flipping Technique The coin flipping technique is a simple way ... Read More
A sorted and rotated array is an array that is sorted in ascending or descending order and then rotated either left or right by a specific number of elements. There should exist exactly one pivot point around which the array is rotated. Example Here is an example of counting elements less than or equal to a given value in the sorted and rotated array: Case 1 The given array is: 30 40 50 10 20 Given value = 25 Output Count: 2 (10, 20) Case 2 The given array is: 10 20 30 40 ... Read More
Truncating a dictionary in Python means limiting it to a fixed number of key-value pairs. From version Python 3.7 onwards, the dictionaries store the values based on the insertion order, which makes it easy to slice and rebuild a smaller dictionary using the first N items. This is helpful when we want to reduce data size or process only a portion of the dictionary. In this article, we are going to explore the different methods to truncate a Python dictionary at a given length. Using itertools.islice() Method The itertools.islice() method in Python is used to truncate a dictionary by slicing ... Read More
In this article, we have a sorted array of integers. Our task is to find the count of elements of the given sorted array that are less than or equal to the given value K. Example Here are some examples of counting the array elements smaller than the given target element: Input: arr = {6, 12, 16, 23, 32, 45, 48, 50} target = 40 Output: 5 Input: arr = {6, 12, 15, 20, 32, 45, 48, 50} target = 20 Output: 4 Counting of smaller or equal elements in the sorted arrayHere is a list ... Read More
In this problem, we are given an array arr[] consisting of N sorted integer values and an integer k. Our task is to Find the number of elements greater than k in a sorted array. Example Here are some examples of counting the array elements greater than the given target element: Input: arr = {6, 12, 16, 23, 32, 45, 48, 50} target = 20 Output: 5 Input: arr = {6, 12, 15, 20, 32, 45, 48, 50} target = 20 Output: 4 Finding number of elements greater than k in a sorted arrayHere is a list of ... Read More
A Nested dictionary is a dictionary inside another dictionary. In Python, we have the function len() to count elements in a Nested Dictionary. With that, we can also use a function that recursively calls and calculates the elements in an arbitrary depth of the nested dictionary. Non-Recursive Count in Nested Dictionary A non-recursive count in a nested dictionary means counting only the keys at the top level, without going into any nested dictionaries inside it. Here is an example of counting the elements in a nested python dictionary- # Define a nested dictionary nested_dict = { ... Read More