Data Structure
Networking
RDBMS
Operating System
Java
MS Excel
iOS
HTML
CSS
Android
Python
C Programming
C++
C#
MongoDB
MySQL
Javascript
PHP
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Mathematics
English
Economics
Psychology
Social Studies
Fashion Studies
Legal Studies
C++ Pure Virtual FunctionsA pure virtual function in C++ is a virtual function that has no definition in the base class and must be overridden in derived classes. It is declared by assigning = 0 in its declaration. Syntax Following is the syntax of the pure virtual function: class Shape { public: virtual double area() = 0; }; C++ Abstract Class A class that contains at least one pure virtual function is called an abstract class. Abstract classes cannot instantiated directly; instead, they work as a blueprint of the derived class. Any class inheriting from an ... Read More
A queue is a linear data structure that contains a collection of elements. Queue implements the FIFO mechanism i.e., the element that is inserted first is also deleted first. In other words, the least recently added element is removed first in a queue. Implementation Steps Based on the below implementation. Here are the steps to implement queue using array: Initialize Queue: Create an array queue[100] and set front and rear to -1 to indicate an empty queue. Predefine Input Values: Store input elements in input_values[] for insertion. ... Read More
What is an Interval Tree? An interval tree is a tree data structure that stores intervals. It helps us to efficiently find all intervals that overlap with a specific interval or point. The purpose is to enhance a self-balancing Binary Search Tree (BST) known as Interval Tree, which is similar to Red Black Tree, AVL Tree, and so on, with a set of intervals so that all operations can be performed in O(log n) time. Every node of interval trees stores the following details: i: An interval which is represented as a pair [start, end]. ... Read More
Printing a String Twice Using Multiplication When we are developing Python, we may want to repeat or duplicate a string for display or formatting purposes. In such cases, Python provides several ways to print a string in defined number of times with a single statement. There are different ways to print a string twice with a single statement in Python. They are - Using Multiplication Operator Using the Concatenation Operator Using the format() Method Using f-string Using join() ... Read More
Python allows you to perform the basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on large numbers as Python's integers are arbitrary-precision, hence there is no limit on their size.You can divide large numbers as you would normally do. But this has a lot of precision issues as such operations cannot be guaranteed to be precise, as it might slow down the language.Usually, dividing large numbers results in a floating-point number, which cannot be precise since Python's float can only accurately be represented up to 15-17 decimal digits.To overcome this issue, we can perform division operation using division operator ... Read More
A dictionary in Python is a collection of key-value pairs. In a few cases, we may have to remove a key and its associated value from a dictionary. Python provides multiple ways to do this safely and efficiently. Using pop() method The pop() method is used to remove the specified key and returns the corresponding value. If the key does not exist, then it raises a KeyError unless a default value is provided. Example Following is an example, which shows how to remove a key from the dictionary using the pop() method - my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': ... Read More
ZIP is a widely used file format that compresses one or more files into a single archive file. This file format helps to reduce storage space and simplifies sharing or save backup of large data files. ZIP archives usually have a .zip file extension and are commonly used across different platforms. Compressed ZIP files reduce the size of the original directory by applying a compression algorithm. These result in faster file sharing over a network as the size of the ZIP file is significantly smaller than the original file. Creating ZIP files in Python In Python, we have the two ... Read More
Python has built-in file creation, writing, and reading capabilities. In Python, there are two sorts of files that can be handled: text files and binary files (written in binary language, 0s, and 1s). While you can create files, you may delete them when you no longer need them. We can also create directories using Python. It is simple to create directories programmatically, but you must ensure that they do not already exist. You'll have difficulties if you don't. Following are different ways to create directories using Python if they do not exist - Using os.path.exists() with ... Read More
The Euler path is a path by which we visit every edge exactly once. We can use the same vertices for multiple times. The Euler Circuit is a special type of Euler path. When the starting vertex of the Euler path is also connected with the ending vertex of that path, then it is called the Euler Cycle. In this article, our task is to check if the Eulerian cycle exists in the given directed graph or not. In the above figure, there is a directed graph and its respective adjacency matrix. The Eulerian path respective to the ... Read More
The Euler path is a path using which we can visit every edge exactly once in a graph. The same vertex can be used for multiple times. The source and destination nodes in the Euler path are different. If the source and destination node become the same, then the Eulerian path is also an Eulerian cycle. In this article, our task is to check if there exists an Eulerian path in the given directed graph. Example of Eulerian Path The figure below displays that an Eulerian path exists in the given directed graph. We can see that the starting ... Read More