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Heap and stack overflows are both types of buffer overflows that occur when a program attempts to write data beyond the allocated boundary of a buffer. Heap Overflow Heap is used to store dynamic variables. It is a region of process’s memory. malloc(), calloc(), resize() all these inbuilt functions are generally used to store dynamic variables. Following are the regions where heap overflow occurs − If we allocate dynamic large number of variables int main() { float *ptr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(float)*1000000.0)); } If we continuously allocate memory and do not free after using it. int main() { for (int i=0; i
In Java, an exception is an event that occurs during the execution of a program. When an Exception occurs, the normal flow of the program is disrupted, and the program/application terminates abnormally, which is not recommended; therefore, these exceptions can be handled. What is UnsupportedOperationException in Java? An UnsupportedOperationException is a subclass of the RuntimException class in Java, and it can be thrown to indicate that the requested operation is not supported. The UnsupportedOperationException class is a member of the Java Collections Framework. This exception is thrown by almost all of the concrete collections like List, Queue, Set, and Map. ... Read More
What are Generic Collections in Java? In Java, the Generic collections were introduced in Java 5. These collections disable the type-casting, and there is no need for explicit type-casting if we use generic collections. The generic collections are type-safe and detect type-related errors at compile time. It allows the datatypes to pass as parameters to classes or interfaces. The Compiler is responsible for checking the compatibility of the types. Syntax Following is the way to create generic collections in Java: class or interface Where type specifies the type of the object, such as: Integer, String, Character, etc.. You can create generic ... Read More
In Java, Collection and Collections are important components of the Collections Framework. The Collection has various sub-interfaces such as Set, List, and Queue. The Collections provides static methods to perform various operations on collections, such as sorting, searching, and synchronization. Let's learn them one by one with proper definitions, syntax, and a suitable example. The Collection Interface In Java, the Collection is an interface, which is considered the root interface in the collection hierarchy. It represents a group of objects, which are known as its elements. Some collections allow duplicate values and specific orders, whereas some do not allow duplicates ... Read More
What is an Annotation? An annotation is like metadata that provides additional information about the code. It does not affect the code directly but provides the information so that the compiler or runtime environment can use it while executing the code. To define or use any annotation in Java, you need to specify the annotation name starting with the "@" symbol. Here is the syntax to use annotations in Java: @annotation_name Where the @ symbol specifies the annotation, and annotation_name is the name of the annotation. Following is a list of a few important annotations and their usage: ... Read More
In Java, to read input from standard input(via keyboard), Java provides a built-in Scanner Class. In this article, we will understand how to read a number from standard input(via keyboard) in Java. The Scanner.nextInt() method of the Scanner class belongs to java.util package is used to read the number. The java.util.Scanner.nextInt() method scans the next token of the input as an int. The nextInt() method reads numbers in base-10 (decimal numbers) by default. To read numbers in other bases, like binary or hexadecimal, you can use nextInt(radix). Problem Statement Write a Java program to read a number from standard input. ... Read More
In this article, we will understand how to print the left triangle star pattern in Java. This pattern is also known as the Mirrored Right Triangle Star pattern. Below is a demonstration of the same- Input: Number of rows: 6 Output: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Printing Left Triangle Star Pattern Following are the ... Read More
In this article, we will learn how to find the sum of N numbers using recursion in Java. Recursion is when a method calls itself repeatedly until a base condition is met. In Java, each recursive call is placed on the stack until the base case is reached, after which values are returned to calculate the result. To solve with recursion, we need to divide our problem into smaller chunks, then find out solution for that smaller part, and that will be our base condition. In this problem, to find the sum of N numbers using recursion, we can store ... Read More
In this article, we will understand how to find the product of two numbers using recursion in Java. A recursive function is a function that calls itself multiple times until a particular condition is satisfied. Product of two Numbers Using Recursion Recursion is the process of repeating items in a self-similar way. In programming languages, if a program allows you to call a function inside the same function, then it is called a recursive call of the function. To find the product of two numbers, let's say a and b, using recursion, the base case will be (if y = 0, ... Read More
In this article, we will understand how to find the sum of the digits of a number using recursion in Java. A recursive function is a function that calls itself multiple times until a particular condition or base condition is met. In programming languages, if a program allows you to call a function inside the same function, then it is called a recursive call of the function. Problem Statement Write a program in Java to find the sum of the digits of a number using recursion. Below is a demonstration of the same. Input Enter the number : 12131415 ... Read More