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The binary search works on the divide and conquer principle as it keeps dividing the array into half before searching. For applying the binary search algorithm, the given array should be sorted. Since the array is sorted we do not need to search the maximum element in the array. Here, the given array is a Bitonic array. A bitonic array is an array in which the left sub-array has strictly increasing elements till it reaches the peak element and the right sub-array has strictly decreasing elements. For example: {10, 20, 30, 40, 35, 25}. In this example, the array is ... Read More
In C++, character literals are the constant values, which are assigned to variables of the character data type. These values are represented by a character enclosed within single quotation marks. There are mainly five types of character literals: Narrow-character literals Wide-character literals. UTF-8 character literals UTF-16 character literals UTF-32 character literals Narrow-character Literals These character literals are of type char, which represents single-byte character. It stores characters from the ASCII table, which includes values ranging from 0 to ... Read More
In C++, when a class inherits from another class, it inherits all members from parent class, but their accessibility are based on access specifiers. Key Points on What Inherits from Parent Class Following are some points on derived class inherits from its parent: The derived class can inherit data members, member functions of base class. If the data members are public, they can be accessed by derived class, same class and outside the class. If data members are protected, they can be accessed by derived and same ... Read More
In C/C++, char represents a single character, whereas int is an integer that can store both positive and negative values, but not fractional or decimal values. If you are given a character and want to convert it into an integer, it is easy and can be achieved with the different approaches. In this article, we will learn how we can convert a given character to an integer with different approaches. The following are some of the ways to convert a character to an integer: Using sscanf() Function Using atoi() Function ... Read More
In C++, the scope defines the region within which a variable can be accessed. So, if broadly speaking, there are three main places where variables can be declared and accessed: Inside a function or a block, which are called local variables. In the definition of function parameters, which are called formal parameters. Outside of all functions, which are called global variables. Local Variables Local variables are the variables that are defined inside a function, method, or block of code within curly braces {}. These variables cannot be ... Read More
Manipulators in C++ are like helper functions that are designed to format and modify the input and output streams of your code. This is done by using the insertion () operators, and are defined in and header files. There are various types of manipulators that exist in C++, but in this article, we will be discussing the four main types, which are commonly used. endl setw setprecision setf C++ endl Manipulator The endl manipulator has the same functionality as ''(newline ... Read More
A histogram is a visual representation of the distribution of quantitively data. You are given a histogram represented by an array arr [], Where each of the array's elements represents the height of the bar in the histogram. All the bars have unit width, i.e., 1 unit. Your task is to determine the largest rectangle area possible in a given histogram, where the largest rectangle is made up of several consecutive bars with heights displayed in an array. Input / Output Scenario Let's understand the below input-output scenario with a diagram: Input: arr[] = [40, 10, 20, 50, 60, 30] ... Read More
To remove an item from a C++ STL vectors by value, you can use the std::remove inside the argument of erase method of the vector. There are some other methods as well. In this article, we will learn all the approaches to remove an item from a C++ STL vector. The easiest way to remove an item from a vector is to use the std::remove algorithm inside the erase method of the vector. For example: vector v = {1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 5}; // Remove all occurrences of 2 v.erase(remove(v.begin(), v.end(), 2), v.end()); Remove an ... Read More
In C++ STL, both emplace and insert functions are used to add elements to containers such as vectors, lists, and maps. But, emplace is more efficient than insert as it avoids unnecessary copying of object and does the insertion more efficiently than insert operation. In this article, we will discuss the all the differences between emplace and insert with examples. Insert in C++ STL The insert function in C++ STL is used to add new elements to a container (ie, set, map, vector, list, etc.). Following is the syntax of insert function: // insert into a pair multiset set1; ... Read More
Booth's algorithm is a multiplication algorithm that multiplies two signed binary numbers in 2's complement notation. Booth used desk calculators that were faster at shifting than adding and created the algorithm to increase their speed. In this article, we have an array of multiplicand bits and an array of multiplier bits. Our task is to use Booth's algorithm to find the multiplication of these two binary numbers. Example of Booth's Algorithm In this example, we have used Booth's algorithm to calculate the multiplication of two signed binary numbers mathematically. Input: Multiplier(M): 01011 = 11 Multiplicand(Q): 01110 = 14 ... Read More